Spring Boot Security自动配置源码解析
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1. 前言
我们在前几篇对 Spring Security 的用户信息管理机制,密码机制进行了探讨。我们发现 Spring Security Starter相关的 Servlet
自动配置都在spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.9.RELEASE
(当前 Spring Boot 版本为2.1.9.RELEASE
) 模块的路径org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet
之下。其实官方提供的Starter组件的自动配置你都能在spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.9.RELEASE
下找到。今天我们进一步来解密 Spring Security 在 Spring Boot 的配置和使用。
2. Spring Boot 下 Spring Security 的自动配置
我们可以通过 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet
路径下找到 Spring Security 关于Servlet
的自动配置类。我们来大致了解一下。
2.1 SecurityAutoConfiguration
package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnClass; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityDataConfiguration; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityProperties; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import; import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationEventPublisher; import org.springframework.security.authentication.DefaultAuthenticationEventPublisher; /** * {@link EnableAutoConfiguration Auto-configuration} for Spring Security. * * @author Dave Syer * @author Andy Wilkinson * @author Madhura Bhave * @since 1.0.0 */ @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass(DefaultAuthenticationEventPublisher.class) @EnableConfigurationProperties(SecurityProperties.class) @Import({ SpringBootWebSecurityConfiguration.class, WebSecurityEnablerConfiguration.class, SecurityDataConfiguration.class }) public class SecurityAutoConfiguration { @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean(AuthenticationEventPublisher.class) public DefaultAuthenticationEventPublisher authenticationEventPublisher(ApplicationEventPublisher publisher) { return new DefaultAuthenticationEventPublisher(publisher); } } 复制代码
SecurityAutoConfiguration
顾名思义安全配置类。该类引入(@import
)了 SpringBootWebSecurityConfiguration
、WebSecurityEnablerConfiguration
和 SecurityDataConfiguration
三个配置类。 让这三个模块的类生效。是一个复合配置,是 Spring Security 自动配置最重要的一个类之一。 Spring Boot 自动配置经常使用这种方式以达到灵活配置的目的,这也是我们研究 Spring Security 自动配置的一个重要入口 同时 SecurityAutoConfiguration
还将 DefaultAuthenticationEventPublisher
作为默认的 AuthenticationEventPublisher
注入 Spring IoC 容器。如果你熟悉 Spring 中的事件机制你就会知道该类是一个 Spring 事件发布器。该类内置了一个HashMap<String, Constructor<? extends AbstractAuthenticationEvent>>
维护了认证异常处理和对应异常事件处理逻辑的映射关系,比如账户过期异常 AccountExpiredException
对应认证过期事件AuthenticationFailureExpiredEvent
,也就是说发生不同认证的异常使用不同处理策略。
2.2 SpringBootWebSecurityConfiguration
@Configuration @ConditionalOnClass(WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter.class) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter.class) @ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET) public class SpringBootWebSecurityConfiguration { @Configuration @Order(SecurityProperties.BASIC_AUTH_ORDER) static class DefaultConfigurerAdapter extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { } } 复制代码
这个类是Spring Security 对 Spring Boot Servlet Web 应用的默认配置。核心在于WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
适配器。从 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter.class)
我们就能看出 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
是安全配置的核心。 默认情况下 DefaultConfigurerAdapter
将以SecurityProperties.BASIC_AUTH_ORDER
(-5
) 的顺序注入 Spring IoC 容器,这是个空实现。如果我们需要个性化可以通过继承 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
来实现。我们会在以后的博文重点介绍该类。
2.3 WebSecurityEnablerConfiguration
@Configuration @ConditionalOnBean(WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter.class) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = BeanIds.SPRING_SECURITY_FILTER_CHAIN) @ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = ConditionalOnWebApplication.Type.SERVLET) @EnableWebSecurity public class WebSecurityEnablerConfiguration { } 复制代码
该配置类会在SpringBootWebSecurityConfiguration
注入 Spring IoC 容器后启用 @EnableWebSecurity
注解。也就是说 WebSecurityEnablerConfiguration
目的仅仅就是在某些条件下激活 @EnableWebSecurity
注解。那么这个注解都有什么呢?
3. @EnableWebSecurity 注解
@Retention(value = java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Target(value = { java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE }) @Documented @Import({ WebSecurityConfiguration.class, SpringWebMvcImportSelector.class, OAuth2ImportSelector.class }) @EnableGlobalAuthentication @Configuration public @interface EnableWebSecurity { /** * Controls debugging support for Spring Security. Default is false. * @return if true, enables debug support with Spring Security */ boolean debug() default false; } 复制代码
@Enable*
这类注解都是带配置导入的注解。通过导入一些配置来启用一些特定功能。 @EnableWebSecurity
导入了 WebSecurityConfiguration
、SpringWebMvcImportSelector
、OAuth2ImportSelector
以及启用了 @EnableGlobalAuthentication
注解。
3.1 WebSecurityConfiguration
该配置类WebSecurityConfiguration
使用一个WebSecurity
对象基于用户指定的或者默认的安全配置,你可以通过继承 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
或者实现 WebSecurityConfigurer
来定制 WebSecurity
创建一个FilterChainProxy
Bean来对用户请求进行安全过滤。这个FilterChainProxy
的名称就是 WebSecurityEnablerConfiguration
上的 BeanIds.SPRING_SECURITY_FILTER_CHAIN
也就是 springSecurityFilterChain
,它是一个Filter,最终会被作为Servlet过滤器链中的一个Filter应用到Servlet容器中。安全处理的策略主要是过滤器的调用顺序。WebSecurityConfiguration
最终会通过 @EnableWebSecurity
应用到系统。
源码分析:
package org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import javax.servlet.Filter; import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanClassLoaderAware; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.DependsOn; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportAware; import org.springframework.core.OrderComparator; import org.springframework.core.Ordered; import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationAttributes; import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils; import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order; import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata; import org.springframework.security.access.expression.SecurityExpressionHandler; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.ObjectPostProcessor; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.SecurityConfigurer; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.WebSecurityConfigurer; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.WebSecurity; import org.springframework.security.context.DelegatingApplicationListener; import org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy; import org.springframework.security.web.FilterInvocation; import org.springframework.security.web.access.WebInvocationPrivilegeEvaluator; import org.springframework.security.web.context.AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer; /** * Spring Web Security 的配置类 : * 1. 使用一个 WebSecurity 对象基于安全配置创建一个 FilterChainProxy 对象来对用户请求进行安全过滤。 * 2. 也会暴露诸如 安全SpEL表达式处理器 SecurityExpressionHandler 等一些类。 * * @see EnableWebSecurity * @see WebSecurity * * @author Rob Winch * @author Keesun Baik * @since 3.2 */ @Configuration public class WebSecurityConfiguration implements ImportAware, BeanClassLoaderAware { private WebSecurity webSecurity; // 是否启用了调试模式,来自注解 @EnableWebSecurity 的属性 debug,缺省值 false private Boolean debugEnabled; private List<SecurityConfigurer<Filter, WebSecurity>> webSecurityConfigurers; private ClassLoader beanClassLoader; @Autowired(required = false) private ObjectPostProcessor<Object> objectObjectPostProcessor; /** * * 代理监听器 应该时监听 DefaultAuthenticationEventPublisher 的一些处理策略 */ @Bean public static DelegatingApplicationListener delegatingApplicationListener() { return new DelegatingApplicationListener(); } /** * * 安全SpEL表达式处理器 SecurityExpressionHandler 缺省为一个 DefaultWebSecurityExpressionHandler */ @Bean @DependsOn(AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer.DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME) public SecurityExpressionHandler<FilterInvocation> webSecurityExpressionHandler() { return webSecurity.getExpressionHandler(); } /** * Spring Security 核心过滤器 Spring Security Filter Chain , Bean ID 为 springSecurityFilterChain * @return the {@link Filter} that represents the security filter chain * @throws Exception */ @Bean(name = AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer.DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME) public Filter springSecurityFilterChain() throws Exception { boolean hasConfigurers = webSecurityConfigurers != null && !webSecurityConfigurers.isEmpty(); if (!hasConfigurers) { WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter adapter = objectObjectPostProcessor .postProcess(new WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter() { }); webSecurity.apply(adapter); } return webSecurity.build(); } /** * * 用于模板 如JSP Freemarker 的一些页面标签按钮控制支持 * Creates the {@link WebInvocationPrivilegeEvaluator} that is necessary for the JSP * tag support. * @return the {@link WebInvocationPrivilegeEvaluator} * @throws Exception */ @Bean @DependsOn(AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer.DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME) public WebInvocationPrivilegeEvaluator privilegeEvaluator() throws Exception { return webSecurity.getPrivilegeEvaluator(); } /** * * 用于创建web configuration的SecurityConfigurer实例, * 注意该参数通过@Value(...)方式注入,对应的bean autowiredWebSecurityConfigurersIgnoreParents * 也在该类中定义 * * @param objectPostProcessor the {@link ObjectPostProcessor} used to create a * {@link WebSecurity} instance * @param webSecurityConfigurers the * {@code <SecurityConfigurer<FilterChainProxy, WebSecurityBuilder>} instances used to * create the web configuration * @throws Exception */ @Autowired(required = false) public void setFilterChainProxySecurityConfigurer( ObjectPostProcessor<Object> objectPostProcessor, @Value("#{@autowiredWebSecurityConfigurersIgnoreParents.getWebSecurityConfigurers()}") List<SecurityConfigurer<Filter, WebSecurity>> webSecurityConfigurers) throws Exception { webSecurity = objectPostProcessor .postProcess(new WebSecurity(objectPostProcessor)); if (debugEnabled != null) { webSecurity.debug(debugEnabled); } Collections.sort(webSecurityConfigurers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE); Integer previousOrder = null; Object previousConfig = null; for (SecurityConfigurer<Filter, WebSecurity> config : webSecurityConfigurers) { Integer order = AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.lookupOrder(config); if (previousOrder != null && previousOrder.equals(order)) { throw new IllegalStateException( "@Order on WebSecurityConfigurers must be unique. Order of " + order + " was already used on " + previousConfig + ", so it cannot be used on " + config + " too."); } previousOrder = order; previousConfig = config; } for (SecurityConfigurer<Filter, WebSecurity> webSecurityConfigurer : webSecurityConfigurers) { webSecurity.apply(webSecurityConfigurer); } this.webSecurityConfigurers = webSecurityConfigurers; } /** * 从当前bean容器中获取所有的WebSecurityConfigurer bean。 * 这些WebSecurityConfigurer通常是由开发人员实现的配置类,并且继承自WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter * */ @Bean public static AutowiredWebSecurityConfigurersIgnoreParents autowiredWebSecurityConfigurersIgnoreParents( ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) { return new AutowiredWebSecurityConfigurersIgnoreParents(beanFactory); } /** * A custom verision of the Spring provided AnnotationAwareOrderComparator that uses * {@link AnnotationUtils#findAnnotation(Class, Class)} to look on super class * instances for the {@link Order} annotation. * * @author Rob Winch * @since 3.2 */ private static class AnnotationAwareOrderComparator extends OrderComparator { private static final AnnotationAwareOrderComparator INSTANCE = new AnnotationAwareOrderComparator(); @Override protected int getOrder(Object obj) { return lookupOrder(obj); } private static int lookupOrder(Object obj) { if (obj instanceof Ordered) { return ((Ordered) obj).getOrder(); } if (obj != null) { Class<?> clazz = (obj instanceof Class ? (Class<?>) obj : obj.getClass()); Order order = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(clazz, Order.class); if (order != null) { return order.value(); } } return Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE; } } /* * 要是为了获取注解 @EnableWebSecurity 的属性 debugEnabled * * @see org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportAware#setImportMetadata(org. * springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata) */ public void setImportMetadata(AnnotationMetadata importMetadata) { Map<String, Object> enableWebSecurityAttrMap = importMetadata .getAnnotationAttributes(EnableWebSecurity.class.getName()); AnnotationAttributes enableWebSecurityAttrs = AnnotationAttributes .fromMap(enableWebSecurityAttrMap); debugEnabled = enableWebSecurityAttrs.getBoolean("debug"); if (webSecurity != null) { webSecurity.debug(debugEnabled); } } /* * (non-Javadoc) * * @see * org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanClassLoaderAware#setBeanClassLoader(java. * lang.ClassLoader) */ public void setBeanClassLoader(ClassLoader classLoader) { this.beanClassLoader = classLoader; } } 复制代码
3.2 SpringWebMvcImportSelector
该类是为了对 Spring Mvc 进行支持的。一旦发现应用使用 Spring Mvc 的核心前置控制器 DispatcherServlet
就会引入 WebMvcSecurityConfiguration
。主要是为了适配 Spring Mvc 。
3.3 OAuth2ImportSelector
该类是为了对 OAuth2.0
开放授权协议进行支持。ClientRegistration
如果被引用,具体点也就是 spring-security-oauth2
模块被启用(引入依赖jar)时。会启用 OAuth2
客户端配置 OAuth2ClientConfiguration
。
3.4 @EnableGlobalAuthentication
这个类主要引入了 AuthenticationConfiguration
目的主要为了构造 认证管理器 AuthenticationManager
。AuthenticationManager
十分重要后面我们会进行专门的分析。
4. SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration
我们在 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet
路径下还发现了一个配置类 SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration
。该类用于向Servlet容器注册一个名称为securityFilterChainRegistration
的bean, 实现类是DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean
。该 bean 的目的是注册另外一个 Servlet Filter Bean
到 Servlet
容器,实现类为 DelegatingFilterProxy
。DelegatingFilterProxy
其实是一个代理过滤器,它被 Servlet
容器用于处理请求时,会将任务委托给指定给自己另外一个Filter bean。对于 SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration
,来讲,这个被代理的Filter bean的名字为 springSecurityFilterChain
, 也就是我们上面提到过的 Spring Security Web提供的用于请求安全处理的Filter bean,其实现类是 FilterChainProxy
。
相关的源码分析:
package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet; import java.util.EnumSet; import java.util.stream.Collectors; import javax.servlet.DispatcherType; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigureAfter; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnBean; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnClass; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnWebApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnWebApplication.Type; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityProperties; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfiguration; import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy; import org.springframework.security.web.context.AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer; @Configuration // 仅在 Servlet 环境下生效 @ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET) // 确保安全属性配置信息被加载并以bean形式被注册到容器 @EnableConfigurationProperties(SecurityProperties.class) // 仅在特定类存在于 classpath 上时才生效 @ConditionalOnClass({ AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer.class, SessionCreationPolicy.class }) // 指定该配置类在 SecurityAutoConfiguration 配置类应用之后应用 @AutoConfigureAfter(SecurityAutoConfiguration.class) public class SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration { // 要注册到 Servlet 容器的 DelegatingFilterProxy Filter的 // 目标代理Filter bean的名称 :springSecurityFilterChain private static final String DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME = AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer.DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME; // 定义一个 bean securityFilterChainRegistration, // 该 bean 的目的是注册另外一个 bean 到 Servlet 容器 : 实现类为 DelegatingFilterProxy 的一个 Servlet Filter // 该 DelegatingFilterProxy Filter 其实是一个代理过滤器,它被 Servlet 容器用于匹配特定URL模式的请求, // 而它会将任务委托给指定给自己的名字为 springSecurityFilterChain 的 Filter, 也就是 Spring Security Web // 提供的用于请求安全处理的一个 Filter bean,其实现类是 FilterChainProxy // (可以将 1 个 FilterChainProxy 理解为 1 HttpFirewall + n SecurityFilterChain) @Bean @ConditionalOnBean(name = DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME) public DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean securityFilterChainRegistration( SecurityProperties securityProperties) { DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean registration = new DelegatingFilterProxyRegistrationBean( DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME); registration.setOrder(securityProperties.getFilter().getOrder()); registration.setDispatcherTypes(getDispatcherTypes(securityProperties)); return registration; } private EnumSet<DispatcherType> getDispatcherTypes( SecurityProperties securityProperties) { if (securityProperties.getFilter().getDispatcherTypes() == null) { return null; } return securityProperties.getFilter().getDispatcherTypes().stream() .map((type) -> DispatcherType.valueOf(type.name())).collect(Collectors .collectingAndThen(Collectors.toSet(), EnumSet::copyOf)); } } 复制代码
5. 总结
本文主要对 Spring Security 在 Spring Boot 中的自动配置一些机制进行了粗略的讲解。为什么没有细讲。因为从学习出发有些东西不是我们必须要深入了解的,但是又要知道一点点相关的知识。我们先宏观上有个大致的了解就行。所以在阅读本文一定不要钻牛角尖。粗略知道配置策略、加载策略和一些关键类的作用即可。在你对 Spring Security 有了进一步学习之后,回头认真来看这些配置类会有更深层的思考。 从另一个方面该文也给你阅读 Spring 源码提供了一些思路,学会这些才是最重要的。
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